Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico are among the nations that have eased the penalties for drug possession and personal use. The cost of incarcerating users has overwhelmed government budgets and the prison system and does not appear to be a deterrent to the drug problem in Latin America.
Colombia, however is going in the opposite direction. A 1994 Constitutional amendment that decriminalized personal use of drugs has been reversed. Apparently, something learned by Colombia hasn't quite caught on in the Southern Hemisphere.
"Molly" has properties similar to the stimulant effects of Ecstasy, but taken in larger doses it promotes hallucinogenic reactions. This poses an even greater risk to young adults who have taken Ecstasy previously and accidentally overdose by trying to achieve the hallucinogenic effects. DEA is currently conducting "Operation X-Out", which is a nationwide initiative to increase education and enforcement operations involving club and predatory drugs.
Drug distributors have invaded the Internet with misinformation regarding the dangers of club and "date rape" drugs that are marketed toward young people. Effective information campaigns are essential to inform young Americans about club drugs such as GHB, Ecstasy, Ketamine and TFMPP, which are promoted by individuals who disguise their deadly effects.
"This is another example of individuals exploiting our young people with dangerous mixtures of chemicals that have the potential for deadly consequences. The DEA working closely with state and local law enforcement agencies, will do everything in our power to protect our children," said Michael A. Braun, Special Agent in Charge of the DEA Detroit Field Division.
Alcohol
Toxicology Detection: Very quickly, generally within 24 hours
Psychological Effects: Poor judgment, loss of memory, decreased alertness, lack of inhibitions, and blackouts
Chronic use: Hallucinations, permanent neurological impairment due to destruction of brain cells and alteration of brain metabolism
Physical Effects: Loss of motor control and coordination, slurred speech, double vision, low blood pressure, decreased and shallow respiration, coma and death
Chronic use: a host of liver, heart, and other organ diseases; high blood pressure and possible stroke or heart attack
Withdrawal Symptoms: Tremors, sweating, loss of appetite, nausea, high blood pressure, possible hallucinations, convulsions and death. Withdrawal is life-threatening.
Amphetamines
Street Names: Bennies, black beauties, bumble bees, co-pilots, Crank, Cross tops, Crystal meth, Dexies, Footballs, Hearts, Hot Ice, Ice, L.A. glass, Meth, MDMA, Pep pills, Speed, Uppers
Toxicology Detection: 48 to 72 hours
Psychological Effects: A low dose can cause alertness, euphoria, increased motor performance and energy, as well as irritability, restlessness, and panic. High doses can cause brief psychosis, increased aggressiveness, and antisocial behaviors
Physical Effects: Body becomes ready for "fight or flight"; can cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure
Withdrawal Symptoms: Confusion, apathy, irritability, depression, increased appetite and need for sleep
Barbiturates
Street Names: Amytal, Downers, Nembutal, Phenobarbital, Reds, Red birds, Red devils, Seconal, Tuninal, Yellowjackets
Toxicology Detection: Slowly, about half is metabolized within 48 hours
Phenobarbital may be detected 4 weeks later
Psychological Effects: Like alcohol inebriation, but with greater euphoria and disinhibition. Higher doses can lead to memory loss, greater impairment in judgment, paranoia and suicidal ideation
Physical Effects: Sleepiness, slurred speech, decreased respiration, and can lead to death. Tolerance develops quickly, and danger of an overdose, especially when taken with another drug, is significant
Withdrawal Symptoms: Same as those of alcohol. Withdrawal is life-threatening.
Benzodiazepenes
Street Names: Rohypnol, Roofies, Flunitrazepam, Ruffies, Roches, R-2, Valium)
Toxicology Detection: 7 to 30 days
Psychological Effects: Aggressiveness, high energy, increased disinhibition, may be used prior to "slam dancing" or "Date Rape"
Physical Effects: Drowsiness, loss of memory, consciousness, and motor control; headaches, dizziness, and nightmares afterwards
Withdrawal Symptoms: Withdrawal is life-threatening due to risk of seizures
Cocaine
Street Names: Crack
Toxicology Detection: 48 to 72 hours
Psychological Effects: Varies with dose and tolerance, but increased energy, alertness, and euphoria, as well as irritability and insomnia. High doses can cause psychosis, paranoia, and aggressive and antisocial behavior
Physical Effects: High blood pressure and pulse, increased risk for seizures, strokes, heart attacks, and death
Withdrawal Symptoms: Intense physical cravings, irritability, depression, paranoia, and suicidal ideation, sometimes delusions and hallucinations
LSD
Street Names: Acid, Bartman, Bart Simpson, microdots, gelatin chips, windowpanes/blotter, paper/blotter
Toxicology Detection: 30 hours
Psychological Effects: Hallucinations, distortion of time and space, good trips with pleasant affect, bad trips with paranoia, panic, and agitation
Physical Effects: Subtle changes in body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, as well as sweating, chills, headache, and nausea
Withdrawal Symptoms: None
Marijuana
Street Names: Hash Oil, Pot, Refer, Weed
Toxicology Detection: Occasional use, 1-3 days: Weekly use, persistently positive test: Heavy use, even 1 month after cessation
Psychological Effects: Mild euphoria and relaxation, impaired motor control and memory, sometimes panic and paranoia. Chronic use may lead to apathy, poor judgment, decreased personal hygiene, and some lasting short-term memory impairments
Physical Effects: Higher blood pressure and pulse, increased appetite (munchies), dry (cotton) mouth, dizziness and nausea. Males have low sperm counts, females have irregular menstrual cycles
Withdrawal Symptoms: Insomnia, loss of appetite and weight, irritability, and rebound in REM sleep
Opiates
Street Names: Codeine, China White, Ddarvon, Darvocet, Demerol, dilaudid, heroin, methadone, Morphine, Percocet, Percodan, Talwin, Vicodin
Toxicology Detection: Sometimes 2 to 4 days
Psychological Effects: Pain relief, sleepiness, euphoria (on the "nod")
Physical Effects: Decreased respiration and motor control, nausea. China White is especially potent
Withdrawal Symptoms: 1 to 3 weeks, physical craving, anxiety, loss of appetite and weight, fatigue, nausea and diarrhea, not life-threatening
PCP
Street Names: Angel Dust, Hog, Horse tranquilizer, Killerjoints, Peace pill, Sherman Sticks/tanks
Toxicology Detection: Up to 7 days
Psychological Effects: Feelings of being disconnected from reality, visual distortions, increased strength and aggressiveness, may cause brief psychotic episode
Physical Effects: Stupor, muscle rigidity, coma, convulsions
Withdrawal Symptoms: Violence, muscle rigidity, convulsions, coma, psychosis
.
Colombia, however is going in the opposite direction. A 1994 Constitutional amendment that decriminalized personal use of drugs has been reversed. Apparently, something learned by Colombia hasn't quite caught on in the Southern Hemisphere.
"Molly" has properties similar to the stimulant effects of Ecstasy, but taken in larger doses it promotes hallucinogenic reactions. This poses an even greater risk to young adults who have taken Ecstasy previously and accidentally overdose by trying to achieve the hallucinogenic effects. DEA is currently conducting "Operation X-Out", which is a nationwide initiative to increase education and enforcement operations involving club and predatory drugs.
Drug distributors have invaded the Internet with misinformation regarding the dangers of club and "date rape" drugs that are marketed toward young people. Effective information campaigns are essential to inform young Americans about club drugs such as GHB, Ecstasy, Ketamine and TFMPP, which are promoted by individuals who disguise their deadly effects.
"This is another example of individuals exploiting our young people with dangerous mixtures of chemicals that have the potential for deadly consequences. The DEA working closely with state and local law enforcement agencies, will do everything in our power to protect our children," said Michael A. Braun, Special Agent in Charge of the DEA Detroit Field Division.
Alcohol
Toxicology Detection: Very quickly, generally within 24 hours
Psychological Effects: Poor judgment, loss of memory, decreased alertness, lack of inhibitions, and blackouts
Chronic use: Hallucinations, permanent neurological impairment due to destruction of brain cells and alteration of brain metabolism
Physical Effects: Loss of motor control and coordination, slurred speech, double vision, low blood pressure, decreased and shallow respiration, coma and death
Chronic use: a host of liver, heart, and other organ diseases; high blood pressure and possible stroke or heart attack
Withdrawal Symptoms: Tremors, sweating, loss of appetite, nausea, high blood pressure, possible hallucinations, convulsions and death. Withdrawal is life-threatening.
Amphetamines
Street Names: Bennies, black beauties, bumble bees, co-pilots, Crank, Cross tops, Crystal meth, Dexies, Footballs, Hearts, Hot Ice, Ice, L.A. glass, Meth, MDMA, Pep pills, Speed, Uppers
Toxicology Detection: 48 to 72 hours
Psychological Effects: A low dose can cause alertness, euphoria, increased motor performance and energy, as well as irritability, restlessness, and panic. High doses can cause brief psychosis, increased aggressiveness, and antisocial behaviors
Physical Effects: Body becomes ready for "fight or flight"; can cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure
Withdrawal Symptoms: Confusion, apathy, irritability, depression, increased appetite and need for sleep
Barbiturates
Street Names: Amytal, Downers, Nembutal, Phenobarbital, Reds, Red birds, Red devils, Seconal, Tuninal, Yellowjackets
Toxicology Detection: Slowly, about half is metabolized within 48 hours
Phenobarbital may be detected 4 weeks later
Psychological Effects: Like alcohol inebriation, but with greater euphoria and disinhibition. Higher doses can lead to memory loss, greater impairment in judgment, paranoia and suicidal ideation
Physical Effects: Sleepiness, slurred speech, decreased respiration, and can lead to death. Tolerance develops quickly, and danger of an overdose, especially when taken with another drug, is significant
Withdrawal Symptoms: Same as those of alcohol. Withdrawal is life-threatening.
Benzodiazepenes
Street Names: Rohypnol, Roofies, Flunitrazepam, Ruffies, Roches, R-2, Valium)
Toxicology Detection: 7 to 30 days
Psychological Effects: Aggressiveness, high energy, increased disinhibition, may be used prior to "slam dancing" or "Date Rape"
Physical Effects: Drowsiness, loss of memory, consciousness, and motor control; headaches, dizziness, and nightmares afterwards
Withdrawal Symptoms: Withdrawal is life-threatening due to risk of seizures
Cocaine
Street Names: Crack
Toxicology Detection: 48 to 72 hours
Psychological Effects: Varies with dose and tolerance, but increased energy, alertness, and euphoria, as well as irritability and insomnia. High doses can cause psychosis, paranoia, and aggressive and antisocial behavior
Physical Effects: High blood pressure and pulse, increased risk for seizures, strokes, heart attacks, and death
Withdrawal Symptoms: Intense physical cravings, irritability, depression, paranoia, and suicidal ideation, sometimes delusions and hallucinations
LSD
Street Names: Acid, Bartman, Bart Simpson, microdots, gelatin chips, windowpanes/blotter, paper/blotter
Toxicology Detection: 30 hours
Psychological Effects: Hallucinations, distortion of time and space, good trips with pleasant affect, bad trips with paranoia, panic, and agitation
Physical Effects: Subtle changes in body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, as well as sweating, chills, headache, and nausea
Withdrawal Symptoms: None
Marijuana
Street Names: Hash Oil, Pot, Refer, Weed
Toxicology Detection: Occasional use, 1-3 days: Weekly use, persistently positive test: Heavy use, even 1 month after cessation
Psychological Effects: Mild euphoria and relaxation, impaired motor control and memory, sometimes panic and paranoia. Chronic use may lead to apathy, poor judgment, decreased personal hygiene, and some lasting short-term memory impairments
Physical Effects: Higher blood pressure and pulse, increased appetite (munchies), dry (cotton) mouth, dizziness and nausea. Males have low sperm counts, females have irregular menstrual cycles
Withdrawal Symptoms: Insomnia, loss of appetite and weight, irritability, and rebound in REM sleep
Opiates
Street Names: Codeine, China White, Ddarvon, Darvocet, Demerol, dilaudid, heroin, methadone, Morphine, Percocet, Percodan, Talwin, Vicodin
Toxicology Detection: Sometimes 2 to 4 days
Psychological Effects: Pain relief, sleepiness, euphoria (on the "nod")
Physical Effects: Decreased respiration and motor control, nausea. China White is especially potent
Withdrawal Symptoms: 1 to 3 weeks, physical craving, anxiety, loss of appetite and weight, fatigue, nausea and diarrhea, not life-threatening
PCP
Street Names: Angel Dust, Hog, Horse tranquilizer, Killerjoints, Peace pill, Sherman Sticks/tanks
Toxicology Detection: Up to 7 days
Psychological Effects: Feelings of being disconnected from reality, visual distortions, increased strength and aggressiveness, may cause brief psychotic episode
Physical Effects: Stupor, muscle rigidity, coma, convulsions
Withdrawal Symptoms: Violence, muscle rigidity, convulsions, coma, psychosis
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